VirtualTam's bookmarks

  1. Here are the steps I used to migrate a CentOS 7 VM from (presumably?) an ESXi server, to a local VirtualBox environment.

    The LVM volumes were not detected at boot, and after the boot timeout, the OS fell back to the Dracut emergency shell.

    • get a CentOS minimal installation CD
    • check the VM's resources and peripherals:
      • ensure there are no floppy drives (!)
      • setup CPU and RAM resources
      • check virtual drives
      • add an SCSI optical drive if needed
    • optional: convert the virtual drive images from VMDK to VDI
    • mount the CentOS installation disc
    • boot on the installation disc:
      • select "Troubleshooting", then "Rescue"
      • let the rescue utility detect filesystems and mountpoints
    • $ chroot to the detected environment
    • backup files:
      • /etc/fstab
      • /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    • under /boot, backup the initrd and initramfs for the current configuration (these will be overwritten)
    • compare the current /etc/fstab with the output of $ lsblk and $ blkid
    • if needed, manually edit /etc/fstab to use the appropriate block device UUIDs, identifiers and mountpoints
    • regenerate GRUB configuration:
      • $ grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    • if needed, reinstall GRUB:
      • $ grub-install /dev/sda
    • rebuild initrd:
      • $ mkinitrd --force /boot/<initrd_image> <kernel_version>
    • rebuild initramfs:
      • $ dracut --force <kernel_version>
    • exit the chroot
    • unmount the installation disc
    • reboot
    • optional but highly recommended: cross your fingers
    • ...
    • profit!
  2. 2018-01-09
  3. 2016-01-29
  4. # /etc/modprobe.d/snd_usb_audio.conf
    options snd_usb_audio vid=<vid1>,<vid2> pid=<pid1>,<pid2> index=<index1>,<index2> enable=1,1
    

    example:

    # 5: M-Audio Fast Track Pro 
    # 6: Focusrite Scarlett 6i6
    options snd_usb_audio vid=0x763,0x1235 pid=0x2012,0x8012 index=5,6 enable=1,1
    

    See also: http://alsa.opensrc.org/MultipleCards

  5. # list USB devices
    $ lsusb
    
    # list cards detected by ALSA
    $ cat /proc/asound/cards
    
    # list cards supported  by PulseAudio
    $ pacmd list-cards | grep name: